Gothic -an, Old English -en, Old High German -an, -en, Old Saxon -an
Old Church Slavonic -nъ, -nije, Russian -nyj, -n'e, Czech -ný, -ní, Slovak -ný, Polish -ny, Slovene -n, Bulgarian -n
Ancient Greek -νος (nos)
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Asturian nun, Portuguese não, Galician non, Catalan no, French non, Italian no, Aromanian nu, Romanian nu, Sardinian no
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Galician nocer, Catalan noure, French nuire, Italian nuocere
Sanskrit nāśáya- "to make disappear," Old Persian vināθayatiy "he damages"
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Asturian nueche, Portuguese noite, Galician noite, Catalan nit, French nuit, Italian notte, Aromanian noapti, Romanian noapte, Sardinian noti
Gaulish nox "night," Old Irish innocht "tonight," Old Welsh he-noid 'id.,' Middle Breton hanoez 'id.,' Cornish haneth 'id.'
Gothic nahts "night," Old Norse nǫ́tt 'id.,' Old High German naht 'id.,' Old Saxon naht 'id.,' Old English næht 'id.' (English night)
Albanian natë "night"
Old Church Slavonic noštь "night," Russian noč' 'id.,' Czech noc 'id.,' Polish noc 'id.,' Slovene nọ̑č 'id.,' Old Prussian naktin 'id.,' Lithuanian naktìs 'id.,' Latvian nakts 'id.'
Ancient Greek νύξ (nyks) "night"
Sanskrit nákt- "night"
B nekcīye "at night"
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11th cent. Old Spanish nomen, Colunga nome
Asturian nome, Portuguese nome, Galician nome, Catalan nom, French nom, Italian nome, Aromanian numã, Romanian nume, Sardinian nomene
Oscan numneís "of the name," Umbrian numen "name"
Gaulish anuana "name," Old Irish ainm 'id.,' Old Welsh anu 'id.,' Middle Breton hanu 'id.,' Cornish enw 'id.'
Gothic namo "name," Old Norse nafn 'id.,' Old High German namo 'id.,' Old Saxon namo 'id.,' Old English nama 'id.' (English name)
Albanian emër "name"
Old Church Slavonic imę "name," Russian ímja 'id.,' Czech jméno 'id.,' Polish imię 'id.,' Slovene imę̑ 'id.,' Old Prussian emmens 'id.'
Ancient Greek ὄνομα (ónoma) "name"
Phrygian onoman "name"
Armenian anown "name"
Sanskrit nā́man- "name," Avestan nāman- 'id.'
A ñom "name," B ñem 'id.'
Compare dialect variant Colunga nome and textual variant Fuero de Avilés nomen (11th cent.) which seem to preserve the middle vowel in Vulgar Latin *nomine.
The Indo-Europeans ritualized the application of a name to a newborn and in Proto-Indo-European, the phrase for naming a newborn was "to make a name." A mother of a newborn was given nine days to recover, then after she would name the child for his or her name-day.
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French nonne, Italian nonna
Despite the semantic argument that the word is native to Spanish, and not borrowed from Latin, the word did not undergo palatalization. Fascinatingly, a cousin of the word is ñoño, which palatalized twice - generally against the norm in Spanish.
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Portuguese norma, Italian norma
If norma does come from γνώμων, the ultimate etymology comes from PIE *ǵneh3- "to know" (see conocer for further discussion of this root).
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Portuguese normal, French normal, Italian normale, Romanian normal
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