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herir
(Verb)
"to wound"
Originally meaning "to strike" as early as the 10th cent. When herida came to mean "wounded," the verb was influenced to mean "to wound" in the 14th cent. From Latin ferire 'id.'
From Proto-Italic *fer-je/o- "to strike." From Proto-Indo-European *bherH-i̯e/o 'id.'
Romance:
Western Vulgar Latin: Asturian firir, Portuguese ferir, Galician ferir, Catalan ferir, French férir, Italian ferire; Eastern Vulgar Latin: Aromanian firescu, Romanian feri; Sardinian: feríre
Indo-European:
Albanian: bjerrë "falls"
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hermano
(Noun)
"sibling"
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hermoso
(Adjective)
"beautiful"
Early 12th cent. Old Spanish fuermoso. From Latin formosus 'id.,' from forma "form," "beauty" and -osus (see forma and -oso respectively).
Also the origin of several surnames, including Hermoso, Hermosa, Hermosel, Hermosilla, Hermosín, Hermozin, and Ricohermoso.
Romance:
Western Vulgar Latin: Asturian formosu, Portuguese formoso, Galician fermoso, Catalan formós, Italian formoso; Eastern Vulgar Latin: Romanian frumos
Appendix Probi (3rd or 4th cent.) records formunsus.
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héroe
m.
(Noun)
"hero"
Late 15th cent. From Latin heroem, accusative of heros 'id.' Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἥρως (heros) 'id.'
Of unknown origin. Presumably borrowed from a non-Indo-European language.
Romance:
Western Vulgar Latin: Portuguese herói, French héros, Italian eroe; Eastern Vulgar Latin: Romanian erou
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hetría
f.
(Noun)
confusion
From an unattested pre-form in Old Spanish, feitoría, derived from the Old Spanish feitor "overseer," "creator of a confused mess," "wrongdoer" (Modern Spanish hechor).
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hiel
f.
(Noun)
"gall," "bile"
13th cent. From Latin fel 'id.,' from an unattested pre-form *fell (perhaps under influence from mel "honey").
From Proto-Italic *fell "bile," "yellow." The word is a bit of a "Italic" mystery. The appurtanance of *f- in Proto-Italic points to *gwh- or *bh- in Proto-Indo-European, yet in all other languages we see signs the original sound was *ǵh-. One "solution" proposed is that one of the dialects within Italic underwent a sound change *ǵh to *f; while the dialect did not survive, the word *fell managed to outlive the dialect and replaced the native word (de Vaan 2014). As one can see, this proposal is hardly convincing; yet linguists are left without a better explanation. Therefore, the assumed proto-form in Indo-European is *ǵhelh3-n̥- "yellow."
Romance:
Western Vulgar Latin: Asturian fiel, Portuguese fel, Catalan fel, French fiel, Italian fiele; Eastern Vulgar Latin: Aromanian heari, Romanian fiere; Sardinian: febi, fele
Indo-European:
Proto-Germanic: Old Norse gall "gall," Old High German galla 'id.,' Old Saxon galla 'id.,' Old English gealla 'id.' (English gall); Balto-Slavic: Old Church Slavonic zlьčь "bile," Russian žëlč' 'id.,' Czech žluč 'id.,' Bulgarian zlăč 'id.,' Lithuanian tulžìs 'id.,' Latvian žul̂(k)ts 'id.;' Hellenic: Ancient Greek χόλος (khólos) "bile," "wrath;" Indo-Iranian: Avestan zāra- "bile"
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hielo
m.
(Noun)
"ice"
13th cent. From Latin gelus "frost."
From Proto-Italic *gelu- 'id.' From Proto-Indo-European *ǵel-u̯-
Indo-European:
Germanic: Gothic kalds "cold," Old Norse kaldr 'id.,' Old High German kalt 'id.,' Old Saxon kald 'id.,' Old English ceald (English cold); Balto-Slavic: Old Church Slavonic xladъ "cool breeze," Russian xólod "cold"
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hiemal
(Adjective)
winter, "wintry"
From Latin hiemalis 'id.,' from hiems "winter."
From Proto-Italic *χeim- 'id.' From Proto-Indo-European *ǵhéi̯ōm 'id.'
Indo-European:
Celtic: Old Irish gaim "winter," Old Welsh gaem 'id.,' Old Breton guoiam 'id.,' Old Cornish gayf 'id.,' Gaulish giamoni 'id.;' Balto-Slavic: Old Church Slavonic zima "winter," Russian zýma 'id.,' Bulgarian zimá 'id.,' Polish zima 'id.,' Lithuanian žiema 'id.,' Latvian ziema 'id.;' Albanian: Tosk dimër "winter," Gheg dimën 'id.;' Hellenic: Ancient Greek χεῖμα (kheîma) "snow;" Armenian: jmeṙn "winter;" Indo-Iranian: Sanskrit himá- "cold," Young Avestan zaiiana- "wintry;" Tocharian: A śarme "winter," B śiñc- 'id.;' Anatolian: Hittite gimm- "winter"
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hijo
(Noun)
"son," "daughter"
11th cent. Old Spanish fijo. From Latin filius 'id.,' Old Latin filios.
From Proto-Italic *filio- 'id.' From Proto-Indo-European *dhh1i̯-l- 'id.' From *dheh1- "to suckle." See also felíz.
Romance:
Western Vulgar Latin: Asturian fíu, Portuguese fillo, Galician fillo, Catalan fill, French fils, Italian figlio; Eastern Vulgar Latin: Aromanian hilj
Italic:
Umbrian fel, Faliscan fileo, Venetic filia "daughter"
Indo-European:
Messapian: bilia "daughter"
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historia
f.
(Noun)
"history," "story"
A 13th cent. borrowing direct from Latin historia 'id.' Borrowed by the Latins from Greek ἱστορία (historía) 'id.' From ἵστωρ (hístor) "wise man," "expert."
From Proto-Indo-European *u̯id-tōr- "knower." From the root *u̯ei̯d- "to know," "to see" (whence ver).
Romance:
Western Vulgar Latin: Asturian historia, Portuguese história, Catalan història, French histoire, Italian storia; Eastern Vulgar Latin: Romanian istorie
Hellenic:
Boeotian ϝίστωρ (wístor)
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