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grupo m. (Noun) "group" 15th cent. meaning "group of clouds." The modern sense is first recorded in the 18th cent. Borrowed from Italian gruppo 'id.,' itself borrowed from Old Occitan grupo, which in turn was borrowed from a Germanic source. Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kruppa- "body (of things)." Derived from Proto-Indo-European *gru̯b^h-néh₂- "to crawl" from a sense of crumpling up. Indo-European Germanic Old Norse kroppr "body," Old High German kropf "goiter," Old English crop "sprout" (English crop) Corominas, J. & J. Pascual. Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e híspanico. 6 vols. Madrid: Gredos. 1991-1997. Kroonen, G. Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic. BRILL. 2014. Real Academia Española. Diccionario de la lengua española. Online. 23rd ed. Madrid: Espasa Calpa. 2014. http://www.rae.es/.
guacamole m. (Noun) "avocado-based salad," "avocado condiment" Very late 19th cent. From Nahuatl ahuacaoulli 'id.,' comprised of ahuacatl "avocado" and molli "sauce." See aguacate and mole (3) respectively. Corominas, J. & J. Pascual. Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e híspanico. 6 vols. Madrid: Gredos. 1991-1997. Real Academia Española. Diccionario de la lengua española. Online. 23rd ed. Madrid: Espasa Calpa. 2014. http://www.rae.es/.
guardia f. (Noun) "guard" 12th cent. Borrowed from Gothic *wardja "watchman." Derived from the verb in Proto-Germanic *warjan- "to prevent." From Proto-Indo-European *h₂u̯or-éi̯e- 'id.' Also the origin of the surnames Guardia, Guarda, La Guardia, Laguardia, and Guardias. Indo-European Germanic Gothic warjan, Old Norse verja, Old Saxon werian, Old High German werren, Old English werian Balto-Slavic Lithuanian vérti "to pierce," Latvian vẽrt "to open" Hellenic Ancient Greek ἀείρειν (aeírein) "to raise" Indo-Iranian Sanskrit vr̥ṇóti "to cover," Young Avestan vərənaoti 'id.' Corominas, J. & J. Pascual. Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e híspanico. 6 vols. Madrid: Gredos. 1991-1997. Kroonen, G. Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic. BRILL. 2014. Real Academia Española. Diccionario de la lengua española. Online. 23rd ed. Madrid: Espasa Calpa. 2014. http://www.rae.es/. Tibón, G. Diccionario etimológico comparado de los apellidos españoles, hispanoamericanos y filipinos. Editorial Diana: Mexico. 1988.
guay (Interjection) "woe!;" (Spain) "great!" 13th cent. There are three origin theories of this word. If a majority of linguists is to be taken as some sort of consensus, then guay is probably from Latin væ "woe." Alternatively, the word is from Gothic wai "woe." From Proto-Germanic *wai 'id.' Both Latin væ and Proto-Germanic *wai trace back to Proto-Indo-European *u̯ai̯ 'id.' A third idea is that the word is from Andalusian Arabic *way. See Dworkin (2012) for further discussion. Variants Old Spanish guayar "to wail," guaya "wailing" Indo-European Romance Italian guai, Romanian çai Celtic Old Irish fáe "alas," Middle Welsh gwae 'id.,' Middle Breton goa'id.' Germanic Old Norse vei "woe," Old High German wē "woe," Old Saxon wē 'id.,' Old English wā (English woe) Balto-Slavic Latvian vai Armenian Armenian vay Indo-Iranian Avestan vaii-ōi (?) The Spanish sense of "great" is a secondary formation through meaning reversal. Corominas, J. & J. Pascual. Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e híspanico. 6 vols. Madrid: Gredos. 1991-1997. Dworkin, S. N. A History of the Spanish Lexicon: A Linguistic Perspective. Oxford University Press. 2012. Kroonen, G. Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic. BRILL. 2014. Real Academia Española. Diccionario de la lengua española. Online. 23rd ed. Madrid: Espasa Calpa. 2014. http://www.rae.es/. Sihler, A. New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin. Oxford University Press. 2008.
guerra f. (Noun) "war" 11th cent. Disputed etymology. Certainly from a Germanic source. Following Corominas (1991) and Roberts (2014), perhaps Proto-West Germanic *werra "confusion (of battle)," or a similar meaning. From there, the traditional etymology is from Osthoff (1910) who posits an origin in Proto-Germanic *wersa- "confusion," "disruption," "greater evil." From Proto-Indo-European *u̯ers- "to confuse." Also the origin of the surnames Guerra and Guerro. Corominas, J. & J. Pascual. Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e híspanico. 6 vols. Madrid: Gredos. 1991-1997. Kroonen, G. Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic. BRILL. 2014. Osthoff, H. "Die Frage des Superlativablauts" in Morphologische Untersuchungen auf dem Gebiete der indogermanischen Sprachen. Ed. by H. Osthoff and K. Brugmann. Hirzel. Vol. 6. Leipzig. 1910. Real Academia Española. Diccionario de la lengua española. Online. 23rd ed. Madrid: Espasa Calpa. 2014. http://www.rae.es/. Roberts, E. A. A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots. 2 vols. Xlibris Corporation. 2014. Tibón, G. Diccionario etimológico comparado de los apellidos españoles, hispanoamericanos y filipinos. Editorial Diana: Mexico. 1988.
gustar (Verb) "to please," "to like;" "to taste" 13th cent. Old Spanish gostar. From Latin gustare "to taste." From gustus "tasting" (see gusto). Indo-European Romance Portuguese gostar, Catalan gustar, French goûter, Italian gustare, Aromanian gustu, Romanian gusta, Sardinian gustare Over time, the meaning drifted from "to taste" to "pleasing (in taste)" to "pleasing." Corominas, J. & J. Pascual. Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e híspanico. 6 vols. Madrid: Gredos. 1991-1997. Real Academia Española. Diccionario de la lengua española. Online. 23rd ed. Madrid: Espasa Calpa. 2014. http://www.rae.es/. Sihler, A. New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin. Oxford University Press. 2008.
gusto (Noun) "taste;" "pleasure" Very early 15th cent. Old Spanish gosto. From Latin gustus 'id.' From Proto-Italic *gustu- 'id.' From Proto-Indo-European *ǵu̯s-tu̯- 'id.' From ǵeu̯s- "to taste." Indo-European Romance Portuguese gosto, Catalan gust, French goût, Italian gusto, Aromanian gustu, Romanian gust, Sardinian gustu Corominas, J. & J. Pascual. Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e híspanico. 6 vols. Madrid: Gredos. 1991-1997. de Vaan, M. Etymological Dictionary of Latin and Other Italic Languages. BRILL. 2014. Real Academia Española. Diccionario de la lengua española. Online. 23rd ed. Madrid: Espasa Calpa. 2014. http://www.rae.es/. Sihler, A. New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin. Oxford University Press. 2008.
gym m. (Noun) "gymnasium" Borrowed from English gym, apocopation from earlier gymansium, itself from Latin gymansium 'id.' (see gimnasio. Real Academia Española. Diccionario de la lengua española. Online. 23rd ed. Madrid: Espasa Calpa. 2014. http://www.rae.es/. Sihler, A. New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin. Oxford University Press. 2008.