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Asturian gatu, Portuguese gato, Galician gato, Catalan gat, French chat, Italian gatto, Aromanian cãtushe, Romanian cătușă, Sardinian batu
Old Irish catt "cat," Welsh cath 'id.,' Cornish kath 'id.,' all borrowed from Latin cattus
Proto-Germanic *kattu- "cat," which may be borrowed from Latin cattus or borrowed from another language. Old Norse kǫttr "cat," Old High German kazzo "cat," Old Saxon katto 'id.,' Old Frisian katte 'id.,' Old English catt (English cat)
Russian kot "tomcat," Lithuanian katė̃ "cat," borrowed from either Latin cattus or Proto-Germanic *kattu-
Ancient Greek κάττα (kátta) "cat," Modern Greek γάτα (gáta) 'id.'
Old Armenian katu "cat," borrowed from an unknown language
Basque katu "cat," (dialects) gat(h)u 'id.,' borrowed from Late Latin cattus
Arabic qiṭṭ "cat," Syriac qaṭṭu 'id.,' possibly borrowed from another language
The sound shift of /k/ to /g/ did not affect c-initial words in Latin, so we are left with the question of whence the g- in gato? Considering cognates in Catalan gat and Italian gatto, we could reconstruct a Vulgar Latin variant *gattus but this looks unmotivated. To posit that the word was borrowed from another language (Basque?) would be at odds with the historical record.
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Portuguese general, Catalan general, French général, Italian generale, Romanian general
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Portuguese gênero, French genre, Italian genere, Romanian gen
Gaulish Cintu-genus "firstborn," Old Irish Éogan, 2nd or 3rd cent. king of Munster, Old Welsh Morgen "sea-born," not related to the modern Welsh name Morgan, from Old Welsh Morcanth, Old Breton gen "race"
Ancient Greek γένος (génos) "race"
Armenian cin "birth"
Sanskrit jánas- "race"
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Portuguese genial, Catalan genial, French génial, Italian geniale
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Portuguese génio, Catalan geni, French génie, Italian genio, Romanian geniu
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"The worship of the Genius [the guardian spirit] was a remarkable part of the religion of the Romans; they having derived it from the Tuscans, in whose system it formed a prominent feature. The word Genius is evidently a translation of a Tuscan term, signifying Generator, and the Genius was therefore viewed as a deity who had the power of producing...When a local genius made himself visible, he appeared in the form of a serpent, that is, the symbol of renovation, or of new life. In works of art, the genii are usually represented as winged beings; an on Roman monuments, a genius usually appears as a youth dressed in toga, with a patera or cornucopia in his hand, and having his head covered. The genius of a place is represented in the form of a serpent eating fruit placed before him." M. A. Dwight, Grecian and Roman Mythology (1849)
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