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deber m. (Verb, Noun) "to owe;" "duty," (plural) "homework" As a verb, first attested use is in the 12th cent.; as a noun, 16th cent. From Latin debere "to owe" but originally "to withhold." From de- (see de-) and habere "to have" (see haber). Indo-European Romance Asturian deber, Portuguese dever, Galician deber, Catalan deure, French devoir, Italian dovere, Sardinian dèpere "This literal interpretation corresponds to an actual use: [Latin] debeo is used in circumstances in which one has to give back something belonging to another and which one keeps without having literally “borrowed” it; debere is to detain something taken from the belongings or rights of others. Debere is used, for instance, for “to owe the troops their pay” in speaking of a chief, or the provisioning of a town with corn. The obligation to give results from the fact that one holds what belongs to another. That is why debeo in the early period is not the proper term for “debt.”" ~ E. Benveniste, Indo-European Language and Society (1973) Corominas, J. & J. Pascual. Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e híspanico. 6 vols. Madrid: Gredos. 1991-1997. Real Academia Española. Diccionario de la lengua española. Online. 23rd ed. Madrid: Espasa Calpa. 2014. http://www.rae.es/. Sihler, A. New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin. Oxford University Press. 2008.
debido (Adjective) "due" 12th cent. Sense of moral obligation is from 16th cent. From deber. Indo-European Romance Asturian deber, Portuguese dever, Galician deber, Catalan deure, French devoir, Italian dovere, Sardinian dèpere, depi Corominas, J. & J. Pascual. Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e híspanico. 6 vols. Madrid: Gredos. 1991-1997. Real Academia Española. Diccionario de la lengua española. Online. 23rd ed. Madrid: Espasa Calpa. 2014. http://www.rae.es/.
débil (Adjective) "weak" 15th cent. A learned borrowing from Latin debilis 'id.,' replacing Old Spanish feble (itself borrowed from Old French). From Proto-Italic *dē-bel-i- "without strength." From *dē- "undoing of" (see de-) and *bel- "strength." From Proto-Indo-European *bel-o- 'id.,' Indo-European Romance Asturian débil, Portuguese débil, Galician débil, Catalan dèbil, French débile, Italian debole, debile, Eastern Vuglar Latin Romanian debil, Sardinian débbile, débbili Balto-Slavic Old Church Slavonic boļii "bigger," Russian ból'šij 'id.' BCS bȍljī 'id.' Hellenic Ancient Greek βέλτατος (béltatos) "best" Indo-Iranian Sanskrit bála- "strength" Corominas, J. & J. Pascual. Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e híspanico. 6 vols. Madrid: Gredos. 1991-1997. de Vaan, M. Etymological Dictionary of Latin and Other Italic Languages. BRILL. 2014. Real Academia Española. Diccionario de la lengua española. Online. 23rd ed. Madrid: Espasa Calpa. 2014. http://www.rae.es/. Sihler, A. New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin. Oxford University Press. 2008.
decidido (Adjective) "decided" 16th cent. From decidir. Corominas, J. & J. Pascual. Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e híspanico. 6 vols. Madrid: Gredos. 1991-1997. Real Academia Española. Diccionario de la lengua española. Online. 23rd ed. Madrid: Espasa Calpa. 2014. http://www.rae.es/.
decidir (Verb) "to decide" 16th cent. From Latin decidere "to decide" but literally "to cut down." From de- "from," "away" (see de- and caedere "to fall" (see caer). Indo-European Romance Portuguese decidir, Catalan decidir, French décider, Italian decidere, Romanian decide Corominas, J. & J. Pascual. Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e híspanico. 6 vols. Madrid: Gredos. 1991-1997. Real Academia Española. Diccionario de la lengua española. Online. 23rd ed. Madrid: Espasa Calpa. 2014. http://www.rae.es/. Sihler, A. New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin. Oxford University Press. 2008.
decir m. (Verb, Noun) "to say;" "saying" 10th cent. From Latin dicere "to say." From Proto-Italic deik-e/o- 'id.' From Proto-Indo-European dei̯ḱ-e/o- 'id.' Indo-European Romance Asturian dicir, Portuguese dizer, Galician dicir, Catalan dir, French dire, Italian dire, Aromanian dzãtsiri, Romanian zicere Italic Oscan deíkum, Umbrian teitu "he said," Marrucinian -dix "said," Marsian -dis* 'id.,' Paelignian *-dix 'id.,' Volscian *-dix 'id.'* Germanic Gothic ga-teihan "to indicate" Hellenic Ancient Greek δείκνῡμι (deíknymi) "to show" Indo-Iranian Sanskrit diś- "to show," Old Avestan dāiš "you showed" Corominas, J. & J. Pascual. Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e híspanico. 6 vols. Madrid: Gredos. 1991-1997. de Vaan, M. Etymological Dictionary of Latin and Other Italic Languages. BRILL. 2014. Real Academia Española. Diccionario de la lengua española. Online. 23rd ed. Madrid: Espasa Calpa. 2014. http://www.rae.es/. Sihler, A. New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin. Oxford University Press. 2008.
decisión f. (Noun) "decision" 16th cent. From Latin decisionem, accusative of decisio 'id.' From the verb decidere "to decide," but commonly "to cut off" (see decidir). Indo-European Romance Asturian decisión, Portuguese decisão, Galician decisión, Catalan decisió, French décision, Italian deicisione, Romanian decizie Corominas, J. & J. Pascual. Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e híspanico. 6 vols. Madrid: Gredos. 1991-1997. Real Academia Española. Diccionario de la lengua española. Online. 23rd ed. Madrid: Espasa Calpa. 2014. http://www.rae.es/. Sihler, A. New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin. Oxford University Press. 2008.
dedo m. (Noun) "finger" 12th cent. From Vulgar Latin dicitus. From Latin digitus 'id.' Of unknown origin. Indo-European Romance Asturian deu, Portuguese dedo, dígito, Galician dedo, Catalan dit, French doigt, Italian dito, Aromanian dzeadzit, Romanian: deget, Sardinian didu In the 3rd or 4th cent. text Appendix Probi we find the line: digitus non dicitus "[the word for 'finger' is] digitus, not dicitus." The author's spelling correction proves how the word was pronounced by common speakers, and offers a rare glimpse of the evolution of Latin into Romance languages such as Spanish. Corominas, J. & J. Pascual. Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e híspanico. 6 vols. Madrid: Gredos. 1991-1997. Dictionnaire Étymologique Roman. Online. Ed. by É. Buchi & W. Schweickard. 2018. http://www.atilf.fr/DERom. Real Academia Española. Diccionario de la lengua española. Online. 23rd ed. Madrid: Espasa Calpa. 2014. http://www.rae.es/. Sihler, A. New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin. Oxford University Press. 2008.
defender (Verb) "to defend" 12th cent. Borrowed from Latin defendere 'id.' From Proto-Italic *dē-χ^wnd- 'id.' From *dē- "away" (see de-) and *χ^wend- "to hit." From Proto-Indo-European *g^when-d^h- 'id.' Indo-European Romance Portuguese defender, Catalan defendre, defensar, French défendre, Italian difendere Celtic Old Irish gonaid "to wound," Welsh gwan "to hit," Old Cornish goanaff "to sting," Middle Cornish gwana 'id.' Balto-Slavic Old Church Slavonic gъnati "to persecute," Lithuanian gìnti "to defend" Hellenic Ancient Greek θείνειν (t^heínein) "to strike" Armenian Armenian ǰnem 'id.' Indo-Iranian Sanskrit hánti "kills" Corominas, J. & J. Pascual. Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e híspanico. 6 vols. Madrid: Gredos. 1991-1997. de Vaan, M. Etymological Dictionary of Latin and Other Italic Languages. BRILL. 2014. Real Academia Española. Diccionario de la lengua española. Online. 23rd ed. Madrid: Espasa Calpa. 2014. http://www.rae.es/. Sihler, A. New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin. Oxford University Press. 2008.
defensa f. (Noun) "defense" Late 15th cent. Borrowed from Latin defensa 'id.' From defendere "to defend" (see defender). Indo-European Romance Portuguese defender, Catalan defendre, defensar, French défendre, Italian difendere Corominas, J. & J. Pascual. Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e híspanico. 6 vols. Madrid: Gredos. 1991-1997. Real Academia Española. Diccionario de la lengua española. Online. 23rd ed. Madrid: Espasa Calpa. 2014. http://www.rae.es/. Sihler, A. New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin. Oxford University Press. 2008.