Asturian deber, Portuguese dever, Galician deber, Catalan deure, French devoir, Italian dovere, Sardinian dèpere
"This literal interpretation corresponds to an actual use: [Latin] debeo is used in circumstances in which one has to give back something belonging to another and which one keeps without having literally “borrowed” it; debere is to detain something taken from the belongings or rights of others. Debere is used, for instance, for “to owe the troops their pay” in speaking of a chief, or the provisioning of a town with corn. The obligation to give results from the fact that one holds what belongs to another. That is why debeo in the early period is not the proper term for “debt.”" ~ E. Benveniste, Indo-European Language and Society (1973)
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Asturian deber, Portuguese dever, Galician deber, Catalan deure, French devoir, Italian dovere, Sardinian dèpere, depi
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Asturian débil, Portuguese débil, Galician débil, Catalan dèbil, French débile, Italian debole, debile, Eastern Vuglar Latin Romanian debil, Sardinian débbile, débbili
Old Church Slavonic boļii "bigger," Russian ból'šij 'id.' BCS bȍljī 'id.'
Ancient Greek βέλτατος (béltatos) "best"
Sanskrit bála- "strength"
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Portuguese decidir, Catalan decidir, French décider, Italian decidere, Romanian decide
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Asturian dicir, Portuguese dizer, Galician dicir, Catalan dir, French dire, Italian dire, Aromanian dzãtsiri, Romanian zicere
Oscan deíkum, Umbrian teitu "he said," Marrucinian *-dix "said," Marsian *-dis 'id.,' Paelignian *-dix 'id.,' Volscian *-dix 'id.'
Gothic ga-teihan "to indicate"
Ancient Greek δείκνῡμι (deíknymi) "to show"
Sanskrit diś- "to show," Old Avestan dāiš "you showed"
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Asturian decisión, Portuguese decisão, Galician decisión, Catalan decisió, French décision, Italian deicisione, Romanian decizie
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Asturian deu, Portuguese dedo, dígito, Galician dedo, Catalan dit, French doigt, Italian dito, Aromanian dzeadzit, Romanian: deget, Sardinian didu
In the 3rd or 4th cent. text Appendix Probi we find the line: digitus non dicitus "[the word for 'finger' is] digitus, not dicitus." The author's spelling correction proves how the word was pronounced by common speakers, and offers a rare glimpse of the evolution of Latin into Romance languages such as Spanish.
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Portuguese defender, Catalan defendre, defensar, French défendre, Italian difendere
Old Irish gonaid "to wound," Welsh gwan "to hit," Old Cornish goanaff "to sting," Middle Cornish gwana 'id.'
Old Church Slavonic gъnati "to persecute," Lithuanian gìnti "to defend"
Ancient Greek θείνειν (theínein) "to strike"
Armenian ǰnem 'id.'
Sanskrit hánti "kills"
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Portuguese defender, Catalan defendre, defensar, French défendre, Italian difendere
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