Asturian caballeru, Portuguese cavaleiro, Galician cabaleiro, Catalan cavaller, French chevalier, Italian cavaliere, Romanian cavaler, Sardinian cabaglieri
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Asturian caballu, Portuguese cavalo, Galician cabalo, Catalan cavall, French cheval, Italian cavallo, Aromanian cal, Romanian cal, Sardinian cadhu
Ancient Greek καβάλλιον (kabállion) "workhorse"
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Asturian cabellu, Portuguese cabelo, Galician cabelo, Catalan cabell, French cheveu, Italian capello
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Asturian caber, Portuguese caber, Galician caber, Catalan cabre
Gothic haban "to have," Old Norse hafa 'id.,' Old High German habēn 'id.,' Old Saxon hebbian, Old English habban (English to have)
kap "to seize"
Latvian kàmpt "to obtain"
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Asturian cabeza, Portuguese cabeça, Galician cabeza, Catalan cabeç, French chevet, Italian cavezza
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Asturian cabezu, Portuguese cabeço, Galician cabezo
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Asturian cabu, Portuguese cabo, Galician cabo, Catalan cap, French chef, Italian capo, Aromanian cap, Romanian cap, Sardinian kabu
Old Irish cúäch "cup," Middle Welsh cawg 'id.'
Gothic haubiþ, Old Norse hǫfuþ, Old High German haubit, Old Frisian hāved, Old English hāved (English head)
According to Beekes (1996), there are five reasons why the word is borrowed from another language. First, cognates in other languages point to *a in Proto-Indo-European - a vowel which did not exist. Second, if one reconstructs *kh2p- we must account for a missing full-grade **keh2p-. Third, an incongruous a/au variation (Old English hafut versus Gothic haubiþ) cannot be satisfactorily explained by contamination and there is no reason to assume an ablaut that ended in a stop. Fourth, the suffix -ut in Latin caput is utterly alien to Italic tongues except as the perfect participle, which makes little sense. Admittedly it could be a borrowing from Celtic, but that does nothing to explain the suffix *-it in Germanic, as evidenced in Gothic haubiþ. The most parsimonious explanation is that suffixes *-ut and *-it are remnants from a non-Indo-European language. Fifth and finally, k-initial plain velars words are rare in Proto-Indo-European. Their presence should raise suspicion. On the other hand, Kroonen (2014) believes the words are of native Indo-European stock, as he assumed variation in *a/au was due to supplanting the old proterodynamic paradigm with -au- (borrowed from the oblique).
"Given this situation [above] - which has always been clear - it seems certain the word is a loan. I find it surprising that I nowhere have seen even the suggestion that the word could be non-IE." ~ R. Beekes, "Ancient European Loanwords" (1996)
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Asturian cabrón "motherfucker," "cuckold," Portuguese cabrão "billygoat," "cuckold," Galician cabo, Catalan cap, French chef, Italian cabrone "billygoat"
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Asturian cachu, Portuguese caco, Galician cacho
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Portuguese cátulo
Umbrian katel "sacrificial animal"
Old Icelandic haðna "kid," Middle High German hatele "goat"
Czech kót "breeding period," Polish kot (defined by Derkson (2015) as "place where forest animals young"), BCS kȏt "breeding period," Slovene kòt "brood"
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